A expectativa é de que os primeiros empreendimentos erguidos sob as novas regras comecem a surgir no mercado no próximo ano, e os lançamentos ocorram em 2025
O novo Plano Diretor da cidade de São Paulo, aprovado no mês passado pela Câmara e promulgado pelo prefeito Ricardo Nunes (MDB), vai ampliar a oferta de terrenos para as incorporadoras, facilitar a oferta de vagas de garagem nos empreendimentos e incentivar a diversificação das tipologias dos novos apartamentos. A expectativa é de que os primeiros empreendimentos erguidos sob as novas regras comecem a surgir no mercado no próximo ano, e os lançamentos ocorram em 2025.
Com a regulamentação mais recente, as construtoras se preparam para uma guinada no mercado imobiliário. O preço dos terrenos deve desacelerar comparado ao ritmo de crescimento verificado nos últimos anos. No entanto, isso não deve significar queda no valor dos imóveis, pois haverá um aumento de custo para as incorporadoras, segundo especialistas. Para o comprador, as mudanças serão percebidas no formato dos prédios, com unidades híbridas. Em um mesmo empreendimento, será possível ter apartamentos maiores - por exemplo, com 100 m² - e também estúdios de 30 m², além de áreas comerciais.
Construtoras e incorporadoras já avaliam como prosseguir com os investimentos, repensando projetos e decidindo quais os próximos passos do setor, que também aguarda por uma retomada no crescimento. "O novo Plano Diretor melhora a situação para os empreendedores devido à maior oferta de terrenos. Já para a população, esperamos que vá abrir o leque de opções de apartamentos para compra", afirmou Eder Kenke Nörnberg, diretor da consultoria imobiliária CBRE.
A grande novidade da nova legislação é a ampliação das áreas próximas do transporte público em que é possível construir mais. Na maior parte da cidade, a regra é que as edificações podem ter uma área construída equivalente ao tamanho do terreno. Já nessas áreas próximas do transporte público, o coeficiente de aproveitamento será de até quatro vezes.
Incentivo
Na regra anterior, o incentivo valia para terrenos em um raio de até 600 metros das estações de metrô e trem e de até 300 metros no caso de corredores de ônibus. No novo plano, o limite salta para 700 metros e 400 metros, respectivamente. Além disso, basta que o quarteirão esteja na zona do raio, e não necessariamente o terreno.
Na prática, isso estende o incentivo para áreas ainda mais distantes. As mudanças, porém, têm um custo. Lucas Rietjens, analista da Guide Investimentos, disse que as medidas devem encarecer os imóveis, e que as incorporadoras vão repassar ao consumidor o aumento de custo do metro quadrado em áreas próximas ao transporte público.
Na visão de José Roberto Graiche Junior, presidente da Associação das Administradoras de Bens Imóveis e Condomínios de São Paulo (AABIC), formada por cerca de 90 empresas, ao criar apartamentos com 60 m² ou mais as construtoras devem incluir varandas maiores, mais dormitórios ou um escritório, medidas que podem fazer com que os moradores permaneçam por mais tempo no mesmo imóvel, o que deve diminuir a demanda por novos empreendimentos.
Para ele, o novo Plano Diretor tende a frear a escalada de preços das propriedades. "Os preços dos terrenos na cidade subiram desde o anúncio do Plano Diretor porque ganharam maior potencial de construção, mas o movimento deve ficar menos intenso", afirmou.
Estudo
Silvio Iamamura, diretor de operações imobiliárias e novos negócios da EZTEC, disse que a empresa já avalia como vai lidar com as mudanças trazidas pelo Plano Diretor. "Toda mudança na legislação urbanística gera impacto. Novas estratégias estão sendo estudadas", afirmou.
O presidente da construtora Tarjab, Carlos Borges, afirmou que as mudanças previstas na legislação não devem causar impacto nas decisões da companhia, que só passa a avaliar essas mudanças para os aportes a partir de 2025. "O plano traz mais possibilidades para que mais pessoas tenham acesso a morar em regiões de maior infraestrutura" disse Borges, cuja empresa tem previsão de investimentos de R$ 1,2 bilhão para o biênio 2023-2024.
Caio Nabuco de Araujo, analista de fundos imobiliários na Empiricus Research, afirmou que as novas regras não devem alterar a estrutura do mercado imobiliário. "Após a diluição das propostas iniciais, há poucas mudanças significativas para o planejamento estratégico das empresas, como eventuais ganhos ou perdas de margens", disse Araujo.
Para o sócio e fundador da incorporadora Idea! Zarvos, Otávio Zarvos, a atualização da legislação trouxe poucas mudanças. "As construtoras são agentes de investimentos, não são agentes de desenvolvimento urbano, não é papel delas desenvolver o espaço urbano. As empresas vão para onde elas acreditam que terão retorno financeiro, cabe ao poder público incentivar que elas cheguem a mais regiões."
Fonte: Exame.
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